Panthay

Panthay is a term used to refer to the Chinese Muslim community in Burma (Myanmar). The Panthay are part of the larger group of Hui, a Chinese ethnic group who are primarily Muslim. The term "Panthay" is a Burmese word, which is said to be identical with the Shan term "Pang hse". It was the name by which the Burmese called the Chinese Muslims who came with caravans to Burma from the Chinese province of Yunnan. The name was not used or known in Yunnan itself.

History

The Panthay have a long history in Burma, with the first recorded presence dating back to the Tang Dynasty. They were traders and merchants, traveling between Yunnan and Burma. During the Burmese-Siamese War, the Panthay served as guides and interpreters for the Burmese army, due to their knowledge of the region and language skills.

In the mid-19th century, the Panthay Rebellion took place in Yunnan against the Qing Dynasty, leading to an influx of Panthay refugees into Burma. This increased the Panthay population in the country and led to the establishment of Panthay communities in cities such as Mandalay and Rangoon.

Culture

The Panthay maintain a distinct culture that combines elements of Chinese and Islamic traditions. They follow Halal dietary laws and celebrate Islamic holidays, while also observing Chinese customs such as the Chinese New Year. The Panthay language is a variant of the Southwestern Mandarin dialect of Chinese, with influences from Burmese and Arabic.

Religion

The Panthay are predominantly Muslim, with Islam playing a central role in their community. They have built numerous mosques in Burma, including the well-known Panthay Mosque in Mandalay. The Panthay practice a form of Islam that is influenced by Chinese culture, with elements of Sufism and traditional Chinese practices incorporated into their religious rituals.

Economy

Historically, the Panthay were involved in long-distance trade between China and Burma. Today, they are engaged in various occupations, including business, farming, and craftsmanship. Some Panthay have achieved success in the restaurant industry, with Panthay cuisine being a popular food style in Burma.

See also

• Chinese people in Myanmar
• Islam in Myanmar
• Panthay Rebellion

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