Paraprotein

Paraprotein (also known as M protein or monoclonal protein) is an abnormal protein produced by a clone of plasma cells in the bone marrow. This protein is not usually found in healthy individuals and its presence often indicates a medical condition such as multiple myeloma, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, or other plasma cell dyscrasias.

Overview

Paraproteins are produced by a single clone of plasma cells and are therefore monoclonal, hence the alternative name monoclonal protein. They are typically identified in the blood or urine during tests for other conditions. The presence of paraprotein can lead to a number of medical conditions, collectively known as paraproteinemias.

Conditions associated with paraprotein

Multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that often leads to the production of paraprotein. This condition can cause a variety of symptoms, including bone pain, anemia, and kidney damage.

Waldenström's macroglobulinemia

Waldenström's macroglobulinemia is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by the overproduction of paraprotein. Symptoms can include weakness, bleeding, and nerve damage.

Other plasma cell dyscrasias

Other plasma cell dyscrasias, such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and light chain disease, can also lead to the production of paraprotein.

Diagnosis and treatment

The presence of paraprotein is usually detected through blood or urine tests. Further tests, such as a bone marrow biopsy, may be needed to determine the underlying condition causing the paraprotein production.

Treatment for conditions associated with paraprotein typically involves managing the underlying condition. This can include chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, or other treatments depending on the specific condition and the patient's overall health.

See also

• Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
• Plasma cell dyscrasia
• Multiple myeloma
• Waldenström's macroglobulinemia

Paraprotein Resources
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