Percutaneous biopsy

Percutaneous biopsy is a medical procedure that involves the removal of a small sample of tissue from the body for examination and diagnosis of various diseases. This minimally invasive technique is performed by inserting a needle through the skin (percutaneously) to reach the tissue of interest, such as organs, muscles, or tumors. The procedure is widely used in the diagnosis of cancer, infectious diseases, and other pathological conditions.

Procedure

The percutaneous biopsy procedure is typically performed under imaging guidance to ensure accuracy and safety. Common imaging techniques include ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI. These imaging methods help the physician to precisely locate the area of interest and guide the biopsy needle to the target site. The procedure may be done using local anesthesia to minimize discomfort.

Types of Percutaneous Biopsy

There are several types of percutaneous biopsy techniques, each suited for different situations:

• Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) Biopsy: Involves the use of a thin needle to extract cells or fluid from a mass or lump.
• Core Needle Biopsy: Utilizes a larger needle to remove a small cylinder of tissue, providing more detailed information than FNA.
• Vacuum-Assisted Biopsy: A vacuum-powered instrument is used to collect multiple tissue samples through a single needle insertion.

Indications

Percutaneous biopsy is indicated for the diagnosis of suspicious masses, nodules, or lesions detected through physical examination or imaging studies. It is crucial for the diagnosis of cancers, including breast, lung, and liver cancer, as well as for the assessment of inflammatory conditions and infections.

Risks and Complications

While percutaneous biopsy is generally safe, it carries some risks and potential complications, such as bleeding, infection, and injury to adjacent structures. The risk of complications varies depending on the biopsy site, the patient's overall health, and the technique used.

Aftercare

Post-procedure care involves monitoring the biopsy site for signs of infection or excessive bleeding. Patients are usually advised to avoid strenuous activities for a short period after the biopsy.

Conclusion

Percutaneous biopsy is a valuable diagnostic tool that allows for the minimally invasive collection of tissue samples. Its accuracy and safety, especially when combined with imaging guidance, make it an essential procedure in modern medicine for the diagnosis and management of various diseases.