Periplasmic space

Periplasmic space is a compartment of bacteria located between the cell membrane and the cell wall. In Gram-negative bacteria, this space is particularly large and contains a variety of proteins, including enzymes and transport proteins.

Structure

The periplasmic space is bounded by the inner and outer membranes in Gram-negative bacteria. The inner membrane, also known as the cytoplasmic membrane, is a phospholipid bilayer that separates the periplasm from the cytoplasm. The outer membrane is a unique structure found only in Gram-negative bacteria. It is composed of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which gives the bacteria their negative charge and contributes to their resistance to antibiotics and the immune response.

Function

The periplasmic space plays a crucial role in many bacterial processes. It contains a high concentration of proteins, many of which are involved in transport across the membranes. These include porins, which allow small molecules to pass through the outer membrane, and efflux pumps, which remove toxic substances from the cell.

In addition to transport proteins, the periplasm also contains enzymes that break down large molecules so they can be transported into the cell. These include proteases, which break down proteins, and nucleases, which break down nucleic acids.

The periplasmic space also plays a role in the bacterial immune response. It contains proteins that recognize and bind to foreign substances, triggering a response that can include the production of antibody-like molecules.

See also

• Cell (biology)
• Cell membrane
• Cell wall
• Gram-negative bacteria
• Gram-positive bacteria
• Protein
• Enzyme
• Transport protein
• Antibiotic
• Immune response

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