Peroneal nerves

Nerve in the human leg

The peroneal nerves are a group of nerves in the human leg that are responsible for motor and sensory functions. They are branches of the sciatic nerve and are divided into two main branches: the superficial peroneal nerve and the deep peroneal nerve.

Anatomy

The peroneal nerves originate from the sciatic nerve in the lower part of the thigh. The common peroneal nerve, also known as the common fibular nerve, then travels down the leg, wrapping around the neck of the fibula.

Branches

• Superficial peroneal nerve: This nerve provides motor innervation to the peroneus longus muscle and the peroneus brevis muscle. It also supplies sensory innervation to the skin over the lower third of the leg and the dorsum of the foot.
• Deep peroneal nerve: This nerve innervates the tibialis anterior muscle, extensor digitorum longus muscle, and extensor hallucis longus muscle. It also provides sensory innervation to the web space between the first and second toes.

Function

The peroneal nerves are crucial for the movement and sensation of the lower leg and foot. They enable the dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot, which are essential for walking and balance. Damage to these nerves can result in conditions such as foot drop, where the individual is unable to lift the front part of the foot.

Clinical Significance

Injuries to the peroneal nerves can occur due to trauma, compression, or medical conditions such as diabetes. Symptoms of peroneal nerve injury include numbness, tingling, and weakness in the lower leg and foot. Diagnosis is typically made through clinical examination and electromyography (EMG) studies.

Related Pages

• Sciatic nerve
• Superficial peroneal nerve
• Deep peroneal nerve
• Foot drop
• Electromyography

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