Pisum sativum

Pisum sativum, commonly known as the garden pea, is a plant species in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region but has been widely cultivated in many parts of the world for its edible peas.

Description

Pisum sativum is an annual plant that grows to a height of 1–2 meters. The leaves are pinnate with two leaflets and a terminal tendril, which twines around supporting plants and structures, helping the pea to climb. The white, pink, or purple flowers are borne in pairs or singly in the leaf axils, and are self-pollinating. The fruit is a pod containing several peas.

Cultivation and uses

Pisum sativum has been cultivated for thousands of years for its edible peas, which can be eaten fresh or dried. The plant prefers cooler climates and is often grown in temperate regions during the spring and autumn months. It is a popular crop in home gardens due to its ease of growth and the productivity of the plants.

In addition to their use as a food crop, peas are also used in plant breeding and genetics research, particularly in studies of Mendelian inheritance. The monk and scientist Gregor Mendel conducted his famous experiments on inheritance using Pisum sativum.

Varieties

There are many varieties of Pisum sativum, including dwarf and climbing types, and those with edible or inedible pods. Some of the most popular varieties include 'Green Arrow', 'Little Marvel', and 'Wando'.

Health benefits

Peas are a good source of dietary fiber, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamine, folate, and iron. They also contain phytonutrients, including flavonoids and polyphenols, which have antioxidant properties.

See also

• List of pea diseases
• Pea soup
• Pease pudding