Phytolacca

Phytolacca is a genus of perennial plants that belong to the family Phytolaccaceae. The genus is native to North America, South America, East Asia, and New Zealand. The most well-known species in this genus is Phytolacca americana, commonly known as American pokeweed.

Description

Phytolacca species are herbaceous plants that can grow up to 1-3 meters in height. They have simple, alternate leaves and their flowers are small, greenish-white to pink. The fruits are berries that are initially green, turning to dark purple or black when ripe. The roots are large and fleshy.

Uses

Phytolacca species have various uses. Some species are used as ornamental plants due to their attractive berries. The leaves and young shoots of some species, such as Phytolacca americana, are cooked and eaten as a vegetable in some cultures. However, they must be cooked properly to remove the toxins.

In traditional medicine, Phytolacca has been used to treat various ailments. For example, Phytolacca americana has been used in the treatment of rheumatism and for weight loss. However, these uses are not supported by scientific evidence and the plant can be toxic if not used properly.

Toxicity

All parts of Phytolacca plants are toxic to humans and animals if ingested. The toxins include phytolaccatoxin and phytolaccine, which can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and in severe cases, respiratory paralysis and death.

Species

There are about 25 species in the Phytolacca genus. Some of the notable species include:

• Phytolacca americana – American pokeweed
• Phytolacca dioica – Ombu
• Phytolacca esculenta – Indian pokeweed
• Phytolacca acinosa – Asian pokeweed

See also

• List of poisonous plants
• Phytolaccaceae

References

• 
  Phytolacca acinosa
• 
  Ombú tree at Cartuja
• 
  Inkweed