Polihexanide

Comprehensive article on Polihexanide for medical students

Polihexanide

Drug Information
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Polihexanide, also known as polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), is a polymeric antimicrobial agent used in a variety of medical and industrial applications. It is known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, particularly against bacteria, fungi, and some viruses.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Polihexanide is a polymer composed of repeating units of hexamethylene biguanide. Its chemical structure allows it to interact with microbial cell membranes, leading to cell lysis and death. The polymeric nature of polihexanide contributes to its stability and effectiveness as an antimicrobial agent.

Mechanism of Action

Polihexanide exerts its antimicrobial effects primarily through disruption of microbial cell membranes. It binds to the phospholipids in the cell membrane, causing increased permeability and eventual cell lysis. This mechanism is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi.

Medical Applications

Polihexanide is used in various medical applications due to its antimicrobial properties:

• Wound Care: It is commonly used in wound dressings and solutions for cleaning and debriding wounds. Its ability to prevent infection and promote healing makes it valuable in managing chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers and pressure ulcers.

• Contact Lens Solutions: Polihexanide is an active ingredient in some contact lens cleaning solutions, where it helps to disinfect lenses and prevent eye infections.

• Surgical Antisepsis: It is used as a skin antiseptic prior to surgical procedures to reduce the risk of postoperative infections.

Industrial Applications

Beyond medical uses, polihexanide is employed in various industrial applications, including:

• Water Treatment: It is used to control microbial growth in water systems, such as cooling towers and swimming pools.

• Textile Industry: Polihexanide is applied to fabrics to impart antimicrobial properties, reducing odor and bacterial growth.

Safety and Toxicity

Polihexanide is generally considered safe for use in medical and industrial applications. However, it can cause irritation if it comes into contact with the eyes or skin in concentrated forms. Proper handling and usage instructions should be followed to minimize any potential adverse effects.

Regulatory Status

Polihexanide is approved for use in various countries for specific applications. It is important to adhere to local regulations and guidelines when using products containing polihexanide.

Also see

• Antimicrobial agent
• Wound care
• Contact lens
• Surgical antisepsis