Postganglionic

Postganglionic neurons are the second stage of the two-neuron chain that composes the autonomic nervous system. These neurons have their cell bodies located in ganglia and send their axons to nearby glands or smooth muscles.

Structure

Postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in ganglia. These ganglia can be either close to the central nervous system (CNS) or near the organ they innervate. The axons of these neurons are usually unmyelinated and extend to the effector organ.

Function

The primary function of postganglionic neurons is to relay signals from the preganglionic neuron to the effector organ. This is done through the release of neurotransmitters. In the sympathetic nervous system, the neurotransmitter is usually norepinephrine, while in the parasympathetic nervous system, it is usually acetylcholine.

Clinical significance

Damage to postganglionic neurons can lead to a variety of disorders, including Horner's syndrome and autonomic dysreflexia. These conditions can result in symptoms such as drooping eyelids, constricted pupils, and abnormal sweating.

See also

• Preganglionic neuron
• Autonomic nervous system
• Sympathetic nervous system
• Parasympathetic nervous system