Prothrombin
Prothrombin (also known as factor II) is a protein produced by the liver and is one of the key components in the coagulation process. It is a glycoprotein that is converted into thrombin during the coagulation process, which in turn converts fibrinogen into fibrin, leading to blood clot formation.
Structure[edit | edit source]
Prothrombin is a single chain glycoprotein of about 72,000 daltons. The protein is composed of 579 amino acids, including a 24-amino acid signal peptide, which is cleaved during the process of secretion from the liver cells.
Function[edit | edit source]
The primary function of prothrombin is to catalyze the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin, the building block of a hemostatic plug. In addition, it also stimulates platelet activation and aggregation via activation of protease-activated receptors on the cell membrane of the platelet.
Role in disease[edit | edit source]
Deficiency of prothrombin can lead to a bleeding disorder called hypoprothrombinemia, which can be either inherited or acquired. Inherited hypoprothrombinemia is a rare genetic disorder, while the acquired form can be caused by Vitamin K deficiency, liver disease, or treatment with anticoagulant drugs.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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