Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia

Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia is a benign condition characterized by the abnormal growth of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Despite its benign nature, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia can mimic certain types of skin cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma, both clinically and histologically, making accurate diagnosis crucial.

Etiology

Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia can occur in response to a variety of stimuli, including chronic inflammation, infection, and trauma. It has been associated with conditions such as chronic ulcers, burn wounds, and infectious diseases like cutaneous leishmaniasis and deep fungal infections.

Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia involves the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, the predominant cell type in the epidermis. This results in the formation of irregular, elongated rete ridges, which are finger-like projections of the epidermis into the underlying dermis. The rete ridges in pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia are often described as "broad and bulbous" and can mimic the invasive growth seen in squamous cell carcinoma.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia is typically made through biopsy and histological examination. Key features distinguishing it from squamous cell carcinoma include the absence of cellular atypia and the presence of a "pushing" rather than "invasive" border.

Treatment

Treatment of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia primarily involves addressing the underlying cause. This may include wound care for chronic ulcers or burn wounds, or antifungal or antiparasitic treatment for infectious diseases.

See also

• Epidermis (skin)
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Keratinocyte
• Dermis