Qing Dynasty

Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: Qīng Cháo; Wade–Giles: Ch'ing Ch'ao), also known as the Qing Empire or the Manchu Dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China.

History

The Qing Dynasty was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria. In the late sixteenth century, Nurhaci, originally a Ming vassal, began organizing "Banners", military-social units that included Jurchen, Han Chinese, and Mongol elements. Nurhaci formed the Jurchen clans into a unified entity, which became known as Manchus. By 1636, his son Hong Taiji began driving Ming forces out of the Liaodong Peninsula and declared a new dynasty, the Qing.

Culture

The Qing Dynasty was a period of much literary collection and criticism, and many of the works compiled and edited during this period continue to be used for classical literature. The Qianlong Emperor, for instance, commissioned the Siku Quanshu, the largest literary compilation in China's history.

End of the Dynasty

The end of the Qing Dynasty was marked by violent social turmoil and external pressure from the international community. The Boxer Rebellion, the Sino-Japanese War, and the Eight-Nation Alliance all contributed to the end of the dynasty.

See also

• History of China
• List of emperors of the Qing Dynasty
• Qing conquest of the Ming

External links

• Encyclopædia Britannica - Qing Dynasty

Qing Dynasty Resources
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