Quantum physics

Quantum Physics

Quantum physics, also known as quantum mechanics, is a branch of physics that deals with phenomena on a very small scale, such as molecules, atoms, and subatomic particles like electrons, protons and quarks. It is a fundamental theory in physics which describes nature at the smallest scales of energy levels of atoms and subatomic particles.

The word "quantum" derives from the Latin "quantus," for "how much." It was first used in this context by Max Planck, a German theoretical physicist, in 1900. Planck proposed that energy is made of individual units, or "quanta."

Quantum physics is notable for its principle of superposition, which suggests that particles can exist in multiple states at once, and its concept of wave-particle duality, which suggests that all particles also have properties of waves. Another key principle is quantum entanglement, which describes how the state of one particle can instantaneously affect the state of another, no matter the distance between them.

Quantum physics is fundamental to understanding the behavior of particles in the universe, and has led to numerous technological advancements. For example, the principles of quantum physics are essential in the design of semiconductors, which are crucial in most modern electronic devices.

Quantum physics also intersects with other areas of study. For instance, quantum chemistry applies quantum mechanics to the study of chemistry. Quantum computing uses the principles of quantum mechanics to create new ways of computing information.

Despite its successes, quantum physics also raises many philosophical questions about the nature of reality. The Copenhagen interpretation, proposed by Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg, suggests that the act of measurement affects the system being measured. This contrasts with the many-worlds interpretation, which proposes that all possible outcomes of quantum measurements are realized in some "world" or universe.

See also:

• Quantum field theory
• Quantum gravity
• Quantum information
• Quantum optics
• Quantum electrodynamics
• Quantum chromodynamics