Random

Random refers to a lack of pattern or predictability in events. A random sequence of events, symbols, or steps often has no order and does not follow an intelligible pattern or combination. In mathematics and statistics, "randomness" is commonly used to refer to various kinds of unpredictability.

Definition

The term "random" is used in a variety of contexts, but it always involves a process or procedure that has an uncertain outcome. In mathematics, a random process is a sequence of random variables whose outcomes do not follow a deterministic pattern, but follow an evolution described by probability distributions.

Randomness in Mathematics

In mathematics, the concept of randomness is rigorously defined by probability theory. A sequence or a series of events is said to be random if the sequence of outcomes is determined by a probability distribution. This mathematical definition of randomness is used in statistics, where random variables are used to model uncertain outcomes.

Randomness in Computer Science

In computer science, randomness is commonly used in the creation of random number generators. These are essential in many areas of computer science, including cryptography, game theory, and statistical simulations.

Randomness in Philosophy

In philosophy, randomness is related to the concepts of chance and indeterminacy. It is often used in discussions about free will, determinism, and the nature of reality.

Randomness in Physics

In physics, the idea of randomness is closely associated with the concept of entropy, or the degree of disorder in a system. In quantum mechanics, the outcomes of measurements are fundamentally random, as described by the Born rule.

See Also

• Probability theory
• Random number generator
• Entropy
• Quantum mechanics