Ricinus communis

Ricinus communis, also known as the castor oil plant, is a species of perennial plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is the sole species in the monotypic genus Ricinus and subtribe Ricininae. The evolution of Ricinus and its relation to other species are currently being studied using modern genetic tools.

Description

Ricinus communis can vary greatly in its growth habit and appearance. The variability has been increased by breeders who have selected a range of cultivars for leaf and flower colours, and for oil production. It is a fast-growing, suckering perennial shrub which can reach the size of a small tree, but it is not cold hardy.

Uses

The castor seed contains ricin, a toxic enzyme. In fact, it is the most poisonous plant protein. However, the seed is the source of castor oil, which has a wide variety of uses. The seeds are also used in jewelry.

Cultivation

Ricinus communis is cultivated for the production of its oil and for ornamental purposes. It is grown, among other regions, in the Mediterranean Basin, Eastern Africa, and India.

Toxicity

The toxicity of Ricinus communis is due to the presence of ricin in its seeds and, in lesser amounts, in its leaves. Ricin is highly toxic if ingested, inhaled, or injected.

See also

• List of poisonous plants
• Ricin
• Castor oil

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