Coffea canephora

Coffea canephora (also known as Robusta coffee) is a species of coffee that has its origins in central and western sub-Saharan Africa. It is one of the two most popular species of coffee beans, the other being Arabica.

Description

Coffea canephora is a robust species of coffee, hence its popular name, Robusta. It is a perennial plant that can grow up to 10 meters in height, but is usually pruned to a height of 3-4 meters to facilitate harvesting. The plant has a shallow root system and prefers well-drained, fertile soils. It is more resistant to diseases and pests than Arabica, and it also tolerates warmer temperatures and lower altitudes.

Cultivation and Production

Coffea canephora is grown primarily in the Eastern Hemisphere, particularly in Vietnam, which is the largest producer of Robusta coffee. Other major producers include Brazil, Indonesia, and Uganda. The plant is typically grown at lower altitudes than Arabica, and it requires a hot, humid climate with temperatures between 24 and 30°C. The beans of Coffea canephora are used primarily in instant coffee, espresso, and as a filler in ground coffee blends.

Taste and Caffeine Content

The taste of Coffea canephora is often described as having a harsh, bitter flavor, with a peanutty aftertaste. The beans contain about twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica beans, which contributes to its harsher taste. However, the high caffeine content also makes the plant more resistant to pests and diseases.

Economic Importance

Coffea canephora plays a significant role in the global coffee industry. It accounts for about 30% of the world's coffee production, with the majority of the beans being used in instant coffee and espresso. The robust nature of the plant, along with its higher yield and lower cultivation costs, make it an attractive option for coffee farmers, particularly in developing countries.

See Also

• Coffea arabica
• Coffee production in Vietnam
• Coffee production in Brazil
• Coffee production in Indonesia
• Coffee production in Uganda