Salivary duct calculus

Salivary Duct Calculus

Salivary duct calculus, also known as sialolithiasis, is a medical condition characterized by the formation of stones, or calculi, in the salivary glands. These stones are primarily composed of calcium and can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters.

Causes

The exact cause of salivary duct calculus is unknown, but it is believed to be associated with factors such as dehydration, reduced salivary flow, and changes in the composition of saliva. Certain medications, such as antihistamines, blood pressure drugs, and psychiatric medications, can also increase the risk of developing salivary stones.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of salivary duct calculus is pain in the affected salivary gland, especially during meals. Other symptoms may include swelling of the face or neck, difficulty opening the mouth, dry mouth, and a foul taste in the mouth.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of salivary duct calculus typically involves a physical examination and imaging tests, such as X-ray, ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. In some cases, a sialography may be performed, which involves injecting a dye into the salivary glands to highlight the stones on an X-ray.

Treatment

Treatment for salivary duct calculus depends on the size and location of the stone. Small stones may be removed by massaging the gland or by increasing salivary flow with lemon juice or sour candies. Larger stones may require surgical removal. In severe cases, the entire salivary gland may need to be removed.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for salivary duct calculus include staying hydrated, avoiding medications that reduce salivary flow, and maintaining good oral hygiene.

See also

• Salivary gland diseases
• Sialadenitis
• Sialorrhea