SES

SES (Socioeconomic Status) is a term used by sociologists, economists, and other social scientists to describe the relative economic and social ranking of a person or family. It is a composite measure that typically incorporates economic, social, and work status.

Definition

Socioeconomic status (SES) is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic and social position in relation to others. This is typically measured by considering education, income, and occupation.

Components of SES

Education

Education is a key component of SES. It is often measured by the highest degree or level of school a person has completed. Education influences SES both directly, through the acquisition of knowledge and skills that are rewarded in the labor market, and indirectly, through access to resources and social networks that provide additional opportunities.

Income

Income is another important component of SES. It is usually measured as gross annual income and includes wages, salaries, bonuses, rents, and any flow of earnings received. Income is a significant factor in determining SES as it directly influences the quality of life and opportunities available to a person or family.

Occupation

Occupation is the third component of SES. Occupations are typically categorized based on the skill level and educational requirements necessary for the job. Higher status occupations generally offer more economic security and benefits, as well as additional social prestige.

Impact of SES

SES has a wide-ranging impact on a variety of life outcomes, including health, education, and future economic status. Lower SES is associated with poorer health outcomes, lower educational achievement, and fewer economic opportunities. Conversely, higher SES is associated with better health, higher educational attainment, and greater economic security.

See also

• Social class
• Income inequality
• Educational attainment
• Occupational prestige