Sialogram
Sialogram
A sialogram is a specialized radiographic examination of the salivary glands, primarily used to diagnose and evaluate disorders affecting these glands. This procedure involves the injection of a contrast medium into the salivary ducts, followed by X-ray imaging to visualize the ductal system and glandular tissue.
Indications[edit | edit source]
Sialography is indicated in the evaluation of:
- Sialolithiasis (salivary gland stones)
- Sialadenitis (inflammation of the salivary glands)
- Salivary gland tumors
- Ductal strictures or obstructions
- Sjögren's syndrome
Procedure[edit | edit source]
The sialogram procedure involves several steps:
1. Patient Preparation: The patient is informed about the procedure and any potential risks. They may be asked to refrain from eating or drinking for a few hours before the procedure.
2. Duct Cannulation: A small cannula is inserted into the duct of the salivary gland, usually the parotid or submandibular gland. This is often done under local anesthesia to minimize discomfort.
3. Contrast Injection: A radiopaque contrast medium is gently injected into the ductal system. The amount of contrast used depends on the size of the gland and the ductal system.
4. Imaging: X-ray images are taken to visualize the flow of the contrast medium through the ductal system. This helps in identifying any blockages, stones, or structural abnormalities.
5. Post-Procedure Care: After the procedure, the patient may be advised to massage the gland or suck on sour candies to stimulate saliva flow and help clear the contrast medium.
Risks and Complications[edit | edit source]
While generally safe, sialography can have some risks, including:
- Allergic reaction to the contrast medium
- Infection
- Ductal injury or perforation
- Temporary swelling or discomfort
Alternatives[edit | edit source]
Other imaging modalities that can be used to evaluate the salivary glands include:
History[edit | edit source]
Sialography was first introduced in the early 20th century and has evolved with advancements in imaging technology. It remains a valuable diagnostic tool, although newer non-invasive imaging techniques are increasingly used.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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