Sin Nombre orthohantavirus

Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV) is a species of virus in the genus Orthohantavirus. It is a single-stranded RNA virus that is part of the Bunyaviridae family. SNV is primarily known for causing Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), a severe respiratory disease in humans.

Discovery

SNV was first identified in 1993 during an outbreak of HPS in the Four Corners region of the United States. The virus was named "Sin Nombre", meaning "without name" in Spanish, due to the initial uncertainty surrounding its identification.

Transmission

SNV is primarily transmitted to humans through contact with the urine, feces, or saliva of infected deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Transmission can occur when these substances are directly touched or inhaled, particularly when they have been disturbed and become airborne. There is no evidence of person-to-person transmission of SNV.

Symptoms and Treatment

The symptoms of HPS caused by SNV can initially resemble the flu, including fever, muscle aches, and fatigue. However, the disease can rapidly progress to cause difficulty breathing and, in severe cases, respiratory failure. There is currently no specific treatment, cure, or vaccine for HPS. Instead, individuals with the disease are provided supportive care, including oxygen therapy, fluid replacement, and in severe cases, mechanical ventilation.

Prevention

Prevention of SNV infection primarily involves avoiding contact with deer mice and their droppings. This can be achieved through measures such as sealing homes and outbuildings to prevent rodent entry, trapping any rodents present, and cleaning up any rodent droppings or nests using appropriate safety measures.

See Also

• Hantavirus
• Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
• Orthohantavirus
• Bunyaviridae
• Deer mouse