Sneezing

Sneezing, also known as sternutation, is a semi-autonomous, convulsive expulsion of air from the lungs through the nose and mouth, usually caused by foreign particles irritating the nasal mucosa. A sneeze expels air forcibly from the mouth and nose in an explosive, spasmodic involuntary action resulting chiefly from irritation of the nasal mucous membrane.

Causes

Sneezing is usually triggered when the mucous membranes of the nose or throat are irritated. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Allergies to pollen, dust mites, mold, and dander from animals
• Colds or flu
• Drug withdrawal symptoms
• Exposure to bright light (a condition known as photic sneeze reflex)
• Breathing in cold air
• Eating too much food (a condition known as snatiation)

Mechanism

Sneezing is a complex process that involves the contraction of several muscles in the body. The process usually begins with the irritation of the nasal mucosa, which triggers a signal to be sent to the brain. The brain then sends a signal to the muscles in the chest and abdomen to contract, which forces air out of the lungs and through the nose and mouth.

Sociocultural aspects

In many cultures, it is common for people to respond to a sneeze with a polite remark, such as "bless you" or "gesundheit". This is a form of superstition that dates back to ancient times, when it was believed that sneezing could cause the soul to leave the body.

Prevention and treatment

While it is not always possible to prevent sneezing, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the frequency of sneezes. These include:

• Avoiding known allergens
• Using a humidifier to keep the nasal mucosa moist
• Taking over-the-counter or prescription allergy medications
• Getting a flu shot to prevent the flu, which can cause sneezing

See also

• Cough
• Yawn
• Hiccup

Sneezing Resources
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