Solar energy

Solar energy is the radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis.

Introduction

Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, has been harnessed by humans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solar energy technologies include solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis.

History

The history of solar power can be traced back to the 7th Century B.C. During this time, magnifying glasses were used to concentrate the sun’s rays to make fire and to burn ants. In 1767, Swiss scientist Horace-Bénédict de Saussure created the world’s first solar collector, an early solar oven, to absorb the heat of the sun.

Technologies

Solar energy is harnessed through various technologies, including:

• Photovoltaics: A method of generating electric power by converting solar radiation into direct current electricity using semiconductors that exhibit the photovoltaic effect.
• Solar heating: The use of solar energy to heat fluid (either liquid or air) and then transfer this heat directly or indirectly into the interior space or into a hot water tank for future use.
• Solar thermal energy: This technology uses solar energy to generate heat, which can be used to heat water or other fluids, and can also power solar cooling systems.
• Solar architecture: The integration of solar panel technology with modern building techniques is an important advancement in green design.
• Molten salt power plants: These plants use solar energy to heat salts, which in turn generate steam that powers an electricity generator.
• Artificial photosynthesis: This is a research field that attempts to replicate the natural process of photosynthesis, converting sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen.

See also

• Renewable energy
• Sustainable energy
• Energy conservation