Spirochetes

Lyme disease bacteria

Spirochetes are a group of long, thin, spiral-shaped bacteria.

Classes of spirochetes[edit | edit source]

List of common diseases caused by spirochetes[edit | edit source]

Some of the common diseases in humans causes by spirochetes include Syphilis, Lyme disease, Bejel, Yaws, Pinta, Leptospirosis, Rat bite fever, and Relapsing fever.

Taxnomy[edit | edit source]

Phylum Spirochaetes Garrity & Holt 2001 [Spirochaetae Cavalier-Smith 2002; Spirochaetaeota Oren et al. 2015]
- Class Spirochaetae Cavalier-Smith 2002 ["Protozoobacteriales"; "Spirochaetia" Paster 2011]
  - Order Leptospirales Gupta et al. 2014
    - Family Leptospiraceae Hovind-Hougen 1979 emend. Levett et al. 2005
      - Genus Leptonema Hovind-Hougen 1983
      - Genus Leptospira Noguchi 1917 emend. Faine and Stallman 1982
      - Genus Turneriella Levett et al. 2005 ["Turneria" Hookey, Bryden & Gatehouse 1993 non Forel 1895]
  - Order Brachyspirales corrig. Gupta et al. 2014
    - Family Brachyspiraceae Paster 2012
      - Genus Brachyspira Hovind-Hougen et al. 1982 [Serpula Stanton et al. 1991 non Linnaeus 1758; Serpulina Stanton 1992 non Zborzevski 1834]
  - Order Brevinematales Gupta et al. 2014
    - Family Brevinemataceae Paster 2012
      - Genus Brevinema Defosse et al. 1995
  - Order Spirochaetales Buchanan 1917 emend. Gupta et al. 2013
    - Genus Exilispira Imachi et al. 2008
    - Genus Alkalispirochaeta Sravanthi et al. 2016
    - Genus Oceanispirochaeta Subhash & Lee 2017b
    - Genus Pleomorphochaeta Arroua et al. 2016
    - Genus Sediminispirochaeta Shivani et al. 2016
    - Genus Sphaerochaeta Ritalahti et al. 2012 emend. Miyazaki et al. 2014
    - Family Borreliaceae Gupta et al. 2014
      - Genus Borrelia Swellengrebel 1907 emend. Adeolu & Gupta 2014, emend. Margos et al. 2018 (relapsing fever Borrelia, Lyme borreliosis Borrelia, reptile-associated Borrelia and Echidna-associated Borrelia)
      - Genus Cristispira pectinis Gross 1910
    - Family Spirochaetaceae Swellengrebel 1907
      - Genus ?Clevelandina reticulitermitidis ♦ Bermudes et al. 1988
      - Genus ?Diplocalyx calotermitidis ♦ (ex Gharagozlou 1968) Bermudes et al. 1988
      - Genus ?Hollandina pterotermitidis ♦ (ex To et al. 1978) Bermudes et al. 1988
      - Genus ?Pillotina calotermitidis ♦ (ex Hollande and Gharagozlou 1967) Bermudes et al. 1988
      - Genus Marispirochaeta Shivani et al. 2017
      - Genus Spirochaeta Ehrenberg 1835 emend. Pikuta et al. 2009 ["Ehrenbergia" Gieszczykiewiez 1939 non Spreng.; incl. Salinispira Ben Hania et al. 2015]
      - Genus Treponema Schaudinn 1905 emend Abt et al. 2013 ["Spironema" Vuillemin 1905 non Klebs 1892; "Microspironema" Stiles & Pfender 1905; incl. Rectinema Koelschbach et al. 2017]

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