Spirochetes

Lyme disease bacteria

Spirochetes are a group of long, thin, spiral-shaped bacteria.

Classes of spirochetes

• Brachyspirales
  • Brachyspiraceae
• Brevinematales
  • Brevinemataceae
• Leptospirales
  • Leptospiraceae
• Spirochaetales
  • Borreliaceae
  • Spirochaetaceae

List of common diseases caused by spirochetes

Some of the common diseases in humans causes by spirochetes include Syphilis, Lyme disease, Bejel, Yaws, Pinta, Leptospirosis, Rat bite fever, and Relapsing fever.

Taxnomy

• Phylum Spirochaetes Garrity & Holt 2001 [Spirochaetae Cavalier-Smith 2002; Spirochaetaeota Oren et al. 2015]
  • Class Spirochaetae Cavalier-Smith 2002 ["Protozoobacteriales"; "Spirochaetia" Paster 2011]
    • Order Leptospirales Gupta et al. 2014
      • Family Leptospiraceae Hovind-Hougen 1979 emend. Levett et al. 2005
        • Genus Leptonema Hovind-Hougen 1983
        • Genus Leptospira Noguchi 1917 emend. Faine and Stallman 1982
        • Genus Turneriella Levett et al. 2005 ["Turneria" Hookey, Bryden & Gatehouse 1993 non Forel 1895]
    • Order Brachyspirales corrig. Gupta et al. 2014
      • Family Brachyspiraceae Paster 2012
        • Genus Brachyspira Hovind-Hougen et al. 1982 [Serpula Stanton et al. 1991 non Linnaeus 1758; Serpulina Stanton 1992 non Zborzevski 1834]
    • Order Brevinematales Gupta et al. 2014
      • Family Brevinemataceae Paster 2012
        • Genus Brevinema Defosse et al. 1995
    • Order Spirochaetales Buchanan 1917 emend. Gupta et al. 2013
      • Genus Exilispira Imachi et al. 2008
      • Genus Alkalispirochaeta Sravanthi et al. 2016
      • Genus Oceanispirochaeta Subhash & Lee 2017b
      • Genus Pleomorphochaeta Arroua et al. 2016
      • Genus Sediminispirochaeta Shivani et al. 2016
      • Genus Sphaerochaeta Ritalahti et al. 2012 emend. Miyazaki et al. 2014
      • Family Borreliaceae Gupta et al. 2014
        • Genus Borrelia Swellengrebel 1907 emend. Adeolu & Gupta 2014, emend. Margos et al. 2018 (relapsing fever Borrelia, Lyme borreliosis Borrelia, reptile-associated Borrelia and Echidna-associated Borrelia)
        • Genus Cristispira pectinis Gross 1910
      • Family Spirochaetaceae Swellengrebel 1907
        • Genus ?Clevelandina reticulitermitidis ♦ Bermudes et al. 1988
        • Genus ?Diplocalyx calotermitidis ♦ (ex Gharagozlou 1968) Bermudes et al. 1988
        • Genus ?Hollandina pterotermitidis ♦ (ex To et al. 1978) Bermudes et al. 1988
        • Genus ?Pillotina calotermitidis ♦ (ex Hollande and Gharagozlou 1967) Bermudes et al. 1988
        • Genus Marispirochaeta Shivani et al. 2017
        • Genus Spirochaeta Ehrenberg 1835 emend. Pikuta et al. 2009 ["Ehrenbergia" Gieszczykiewiez 1939 non Spreng.; incl. Salinispira Ben Hania et al. 2015]
        • Genus Treponema Schaudinn 1905 emend Abt et al. 2013 ["Spironema" Vuillemin 1905 non Klebs 1892; "Microspironema" Stiles & Pfender 1905; incl. Rectinema Koelschbach et al. 2017]

See also

• Bacteriology
• Borrelia
• Flagellum
• Lyme disease microbiology
• Pinta (disease)
• Prokaryote
• Treponema pallidum
• Brevinema andersonii
• Syphilis