Sulfometuron-methyl

Sulfometuron-methyl is a herbicide used for controlling a wide range of weeds in non-crop areas such as roadsides, industrial sites, and railways. It belongs to the sulfonylurea class of herbicides, which act by inhibiting the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS). This enzyme is crucial for the synthesis of the branched-chain amino acids valine, leucine, and isoleucine, which are essential for plant growth. The inhibition of ALS leads to the cessation of cell division and ultimately the death of the plant.

Chemistry

Sulfometuron-methyl is a systemic herbicide, meaning it is absorbed by the plants through the roots and foliage and translocated throughout the plant. It is applied as a water-dispersible granule that can be mixed with water and applied using standard spraying equipment. The chemical formula of sulfometuron-methyl is C₁₅H₁₆N₄O₅S, and it has a molecular weight of 364.37 g/mol.

Mode of Action

The primary mode of action of sulfometuron-methyl is the inhibition of the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS). ALS is vital for the production of essential amino acids that are necessary for plant growth. By inhibiting this enzyme, sulfometuron-methyl prevents the synthesis of these amino acids, leading to a stop in cell division and plant growth, eventually causing the plant to die.

Usage

Sulfometuron-methyl is used in non-crop areas such as industrial sites, roadsides, and railway embankments to control a broad spectrum of annual and perennial weeds, as well as certain woody plants. It is particularly effective against broadleaf weeds and some grasses. The herbicide is applied in the early stages of weed growth for best results.

Environmental Impact

As with all herbicides, the environmental impact of sulfometuron-methyl is a concern. It is relatively persistent in the soil, with a half-life ranging from a few weeks to several months, depending on soil type, temperature, and moisture. This persistence can lead to residual activity, affecting subsequent plantings or non-target species. However, sulfometuron-methyl is considered to have low toxicity to mammals, birds, and fish.

Regulation

The use of sulfometuron-methyl is regulated by environmental protection agencies in many countries. Users must follow the label instructions carefully to minimize environmental impact and avoid harm to non-target species. The regulations include guidelines on application rates, timing, and safety precautions to protect applicators and the environment.

Conclusion

Sulfometuron-methyl is an effective herbicide for managing weeds in non-crop areas. Its mode of action through the inhibition of acetolactate synthase makes it particularly useful against a broad spectrum of weed species. However, its environmental persistence requires careful management to avoid adverse effects on non-target species and subsequent plantings.

Sulfometuron-methyl Resources
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