Superkingdom

Superkingdom or Domain is the highest taxonomic rank in the hierarchical biological classification system, above the kingdom level. There are three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Overview

The concept of a superkingdom was first proposed by Carl Woese et al. in 1977. They based their classification on the differences in the ribosomal RNA structure. This molecular approach allowed them to identify and classify organisms that were not easily classified by morphological methods.

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The three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Bacteria

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus. They are found in every habitat on Earth, including soil, water, and the human gut. Bacteria play a crucial role in the ecosystem, including nutrient cycling and human health.

Archaea

Archaea are also single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus. However, they are distinct from bacteria in their genetics and biochemistry. Archaea are often found in extreme environments, such as hot springs and salt lakes.

Eukarya

Eukarya is the domain that includes organisms with a nucleus. This domain includes all multicellular organisms, including animals, plants, and fungi, as well as some single-celled organisms like protozoa.

Classification

The classification of organisms into domains is based on the differences in the structure and sequence of the ribosomal RNA. Other factors, such as the presence or absence of a nucleus, cell wall composition, and metabolic pathways, are also considered.

See also

• Taxonomy (biology)
• Kingdom (biology)
• Phylum
• Class (biology)
• Order (biology)
• Family (biology)
• Genus
• Species

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