Sus scrofa

Sus scrofa, also known as the wild boar, is a species of wild pig native to much of Eurasia and North Africa. It is the wild ancestor of the domestic pig, an animal with which it freely hybridises. Wild boar are distinguished by their long, narrow head and a clearly defined "roman nose". The adult male is particularly formidable, with sharp tusks and a tough hide.

Taxonomy and evolution

The Sus scrofa species is part of the Suidae family, which includes other pig species. It was first classified by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. The species has a number of subspecies, including the European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) and the Asian wild boar (Sus scrofa ussuricus).

Distribution and habitat

Wild boar are highly adaptable and can be found in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands. They are native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, but have also been introduced to other parts of the world, including the Americas and Australasia.

Behaviour and ecology

Wild boar are social animals, living in groups called sounders. They are primarily nocturnal, but can be active during the day in less disturbed areas. They are omnivorous, with a diet that includes roots, fruits, rodents, and small reptiles.

Relationship with humans

The relationship between humans and wild boar is complex. They have been hunted for their meat since prehistoric times, and are also considered a pest in many areas due to their habit of damaging crops. However, they also play an important role in many ecosystems, as they help to control the population of certain pests and their foraging behaviour can help to spread plant seeds.

See also

• Suidae
• Pig
• Wildlife management