Swimmer's ear

Swimmer's ear or otitis externa is an inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal. Along with otitis media, this is one of the two human conditions commonly called "earache". It also occurs in many other species. Inflammation of the skin of the ear canal is the essence of this disorder. The inflammation can be secondary to dermatitis (eczema) only, with no microbial infection, or it can be caused by active bacterial or fungal infection. In either case, but more often with infection, the ear canal skin swells and may become painful or tender to touch.

Causes

Swimmer's ear can be caused by many different types of bacteria or fungi. The most common cause of swimmer's ear is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common water-loving bacterium. Other bacterial causes include various species of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Corynebacterium. Fungal causes include Candida and Aspergillus.

Symptoms

The symptoms of swimmer's ear usually start with an itch in the ear canal. This is often followed by increasing pain, which is made worse by touching the ear. The ear canal may also become red and swollen, and there may be a watery or pus-like discharge. Some people may also have temporary hearing loss.

Treatment

Treatment for swimmer's ear includes avoiding water and dampness in the ear, using pain relievers, and using antibiotic or antifungal ear drops. In severe cases, the ear canal may need to be cleaned by a healthcare professional.

Prevention

Prevention of swimmer's ear includes keeping the ears dry by using ear plugs or a swimming cap, not putting objects in the ear, and using a hair dryer on a low setting to dry the ears after swimming or bathing.

See also

• Otitis media
• Ear infection
• Ear pain

Swimmer's ear Resources
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