Swinging-flashlight test

Swinging Flashlight Test

The swinging flashlight test is a clinical examination used to assess the function of the pupils and the optic nerve. It is particularly useful in detecting a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), which can indicate optic nerve damage or severe retinal disease.

Procedure

The test is performed in a dimly lit room. The examiner shines a light into one eye and then quickly moves it to the other eye, observing the reaction of the pupils. Normally, both pupils constrict equally when light is shone into either eye. In the presence of a relative afferent pupillary defect, the affected eye will dilate when the light is moved from the unaffected eye to the affected eye.

Clinical Significance

The swinging flashlight test is an important diagnostic tool in neurology and ophthalmology. It helps in identifying conditions such as:

• Optic neuritis
• Glaucoma
• Severe retinal detachment
• Ischemic optic neuropathy

Interpretation

A positive swinging flashlight test indicates a relative afferent pupillary defect. This suggests that the affected eye has a reduced ability to perceive light compared to the unaffected eye. This can be due to damage to the optic nerve or severe retinal disease.

Related Tests

Other tests related to the assessment of the optic nerve and pupil function include:

• Pupillary light reflex
• Visual field test
• Fundoscopy

References

• "Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations." 3rd edition. Chapter 58, The Pupils.
• "Neuro-Ophthalmology Illustrated" by Biousse V, Newman NJ.

External Links

• [American Academy of Ophthalmology](https://www.aao.org)
• [Neuro-Ophthalmology Virtual Education Library](https://www.novel.utah.edu)

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