Tetrahydrozoline

Tetrahydrozoline.svg

Tetrahydrozoline is a vasoconstrictor used primarily as an ingredient in eye drops and nasal sprays. It is designed to relieve redness in the eyes caused by minor irritations and to reduce nasal congestion. Tetrahydrozoline works by constricting the blood vessels in the eyes and nose, which decreases redness and swelling.

Medical uses

Tetrahydrozoline is commonly found in over-the-counter products for the relief of eye redness and minor nasal congestion. It is often used in products marketed to relieve the symptoms of the common cold, allergies, or environmental irritations.

Mechanism of action

Tetrahydrozoline acts as an agonist at alpha-adrenergic receptors, which leads to vasoconstriction of the arterioles in the conjunctiva and nasal mucosa. This action reduces swelling and redness by temporarily narrowing the blood vessels in the affected areas.

Side effects

While generally safe when used as directed, tetrahydrozoline can cause side effects such as:

• Local irritation
• Sneezing
• Rebound congestion with prolonged use

Systemic absorption, although rare, can lead to more serious side effects, especially if the product is ingested. These can include:

• Hypertension
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Cardiac irregularities

Precautions

Tetrahydrozoline should be used with caution in individuals with high blood pressure, heart disease, or hyperthyroidism. It is also important to avoid overuse of products containing tetrahydrozoline to prevent rebound congestion and increased risk of side effects.

See also

• Oxymetazoline
• Phenylephrine
• Naphazoline