Toll-like receptor 1

Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR1 gene. TLR1 is a member of the Toll-like receptor family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity.

Function

TLR1 recognizes a structurally specific motif from lipoproteins and peptidoglycan, which are associated with microorganisms. It is a strong activator of the NF-kappaB pathway and is involved in the inflammatory response to pathogens. TLR1 forms heterodimers with Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) to recognize a wide array of microbial products.

Structure

TLR1 is a type I transmembrane protein characterized by an extracellular domain with leucine-rich repeats and a cytoplasmic domain with a conserved Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain. The receptor is most closely related to Toll-like receptor 6 and can physically associate with this receptor and Toll-like receptor 2.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the TLR1 gene have been associated with diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy. The receptor's role in recognizing microbial products makes it a target for the development of new antimicrobial therapies.

Structure of the TLR1 protein.

See also

• Toll-like receptor
• Innate immunity
• NF-kappaB
• Tuberculosis
• Leprosy