Transient receptor potential channels

Transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels) are a group of ion channels located mostly on the plasma membrane of numerous animal cell types. These channels are known for their wide variety of functions, including the sensation of different types of tastes, temperature, and pressure, among others.

Structure

TRP channels are relatively large, with a typical channel composed of four subunits. Each subunit has six transmembrane segments, with the pore region located between the fifth and sixth. The fourth segment has a high amount of positively charged amino acids, suggesting it may play a crucial role in the channel's voltage-sensitivity.

Function

TRP channels are involved in many different types of sensory perception. For example, TRPV1 is activated by high temperatures, low pH, and chemical compounds such as capsaicin, the active ingredient in hot chili peppers. Other TRP channels, such as TRPM8, are activated by cold temperatures or cooling agents like menthol.

Classification

TRP channels are classified into seven subfamilies: TRPC (Canonical), TRPV (Vanilloid), TRPM (Melastatin), TRPP (Polycystin), TRPML (MucoLipin), TRPA (Ankyrin), and TRPN (NO mechanoreceptor potential C).

Role in Disease

Mutations in TRP channels have been linked to several diseases, such as neuropathic pain, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. For example, mutations in TRPV4 can lead to skeletal dysplasias, while mutations in TRPM4 can cause progressive familial heart block.

Research

Research into TRP channels has increased significantly in recent years, with many studies focusing on their role in sensory perception and disease. This research could potentially lead to the development of new drugs that target TRP channels to treat a variety of conditions.

See Also

• Ion channel
• Cell membrane
• Neuropathic pain
• Cancer
• Cardiovascular diseases
• Neurodegenerative disorders