Varicella-zoster virus

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is one of eight herpesviruses known to infect humans. It causes chickenpox (varicella), a disease most commonly affecting children, teens and young adults and shingles (herpes zoster), a disease most commonly affecting older adults and people with weak immune systems.

Classification

VZV is a member of the herpesvirus family. Within this family, it belongs to the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily and the Varicellovirus genus.

Structure

VZV is a large virus with a diameter of about 180–200 nm. Its structure is similar to other herpesviruses. It has a core containing double-stranded DNA, which is surrounded by a capsid and covered by an envelope.

Pathogenesis

VZV initially causes chickenpox. After the chickenpox resolves, the virus can remain dormant in the nerve cells for many years. It can reactivate later in life to cause shingles.

Clinical manifestations

The primary infection with VZV causes chickenpox. Symptoms include fever, fatigue, and a characteristic itchy blister rash. The rash appears first on the chest, back, and face, and then spreads over the entire body.

Prevention and treatment

Vaccination is available to prevent chickenpox. A separate vaccine is available to prevent shingles. Antiviral drugs can reduce the severity and duration of these diseases.

See also

• Herpes zoster
• Chickenpox
• Postherpetic neuralgia

Varicella-zoster virus Resources
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