Varicose ulcer

Varicose Ulcer is a type of chronic ulcer that usually occurs on the lower legs. It is a common complication of varicose veins, a condition characterized by the enlargement and twisting of veins due to faulty valves, which leads to the improper flow of blood. Varicose ulcers are also known as venous ulcers, stasis ulcers, or ulcus cruris.

Causes

Varicose ulcers are primarily caused by chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), where the veins in the legs cannot pump enough blood back to the heart. This insufficiency leads to increased pressure in the veins, resulting in damage to the skin and the formation of an ulcer. Factors contributing to the development of CVI and varicose ulcers include obesity, aging, prolonged standing, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and a family history of varicose veins.

Symptoms

The symptoms of a varicose ulcer include pain, itching, and swelling in the affected area. The skin around the ulcer may become discolored, hardened, and eczema-like. The ulcer itself is typically shallow with irregular borders and a red or yellowish base. Discharge or oozing from the ulcer is common, and in severe cases, infection may occur, leading to further complications.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a varicose ulcer involves a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. Healthcare providers may also use duplex ultrasound to assess blood flow and valve function in the leg veins. This non-invasive test helps in identifying venous insufficiency and any underlying deep vein thrombosis.

Treatment

Treatment aims to improve circulation, heal the ulcer, and prevent recurrence. This may include:

• Compression therapy: Using compression stockings or bandages to improve blood flow.
• Leg elevation: Raising the legs above heart level to reduce swelling and improve circulation.
• Wound care: Cleaning and dressing the ulcer to prevent infection.
• Medication: Using antibiotics for infections or topical treatments to promote healing.
• Surgery: In severe cases, procedures to remove damaged veins, skin grafting, or correcting vein abnormalities may be necessary.

Prevention

Preventing varicose ulcers involves managing the underlying causes of venous insufficiency. Regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding prolonged standing or sitting, and wearing compression stockings can help reduce the risk. Early treatment of varicose veins and regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are also important preventive measures.

See Also

• Varicose Veins
• Chronic Venous Insufficiency
• Deep Vein Thrombosis
• Compression Therapy