Brachiocephalic vein

Brachiocephalic vein

The brachiocephalic veins, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, azygos vein and their tributaries.

The brachiocephalic veins (also known as innominate veins) are major veins of the thorax that return blood to the heart from the upper limbs, neck, and head. They are part of the venous system and are situated in the upper chest, one on each side of the body.

Structure

Each brachiocephalic vein is formed by the union of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein. The left brachiocephalic vein is usually longer than the right one and crosses the midline anterior to the aorta and posterior to the sternum. The right brachiocephalic vein is typically shorter and runs a more vertical course.

Function

The brachiocephalic veins are responsible for draining oxygen-depleted blood from the upper half of the body and returning it to the heart. They also serve as a conduit for blood returning from the head and neck to the superior vena cava, which then empties into the right atrium of the heart.

Clinical significance

Due to their location and size, the brachiocephalic veins are often used for the insertion of central venous catheters and for the measurement of central venous pressure, which can provide important information about a patient's cardiovascular system.

See also

• Vein
• Superior vena cava
• Inferior vena cava
• Azygos vein