Bupivacaine hydrochloride

Bupivacaine hydrochloride

Bupivacaine hydrochloride is a local anesthetic commonly used for epidural anesthesia, nerve block, and spinal anesthesia. It is a member of the amino amide group of local anesthetics and is known for its long duration of action.

Pharmacology

Bupivacaine hydrochloride works by blocking sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane, which inhibits the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. This action results in a loss of sensation in the area where the drug is administered.

Medical Uses

Bupivacaine hydrochloride is used in various medical procedures, including:

• Epidural anesthesia for labor and delivery
• Nerve block for surgical procedures
• Spinal anesthesia for lower abdominal, pelvic, and lower limb surgeries

Side Effects

Common side effects of bupivacaine hydrochloride include:

• Hypotension
• Bradycardia
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Dizziness

Severe side effects can include cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity, especially if the drug is administered in high doses or accidentally injected into a blood vessel.

Contraindications

Bupivacaine hydrochloride should not be used in patients with:

• Known hypersensitivity to bupivacaine or other local anesthetics of the amide type
• Severe hypotension
• Heart block without a pacemaker

Related Pages

• Local anesthetic
• Epidural anesthesia
• Nerve block
• Spinal anesthesia
• Sodium channel
• Cardiotoxicity
• Neurotoxicity