Xenopus laevis

Xenopus laevis, commonly known as the African clawed frog, is a species of frog native to sub-Saharan Africa. They are a popular model organism in biological research, particularly in the fields of embryology and genetics.

Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1802 by French naturalist Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. The genus name Xenopus is derived from the Ancient Greek words ξένος (xenos), meaning "strange", and πούς (pous), meaning "foot". The species name laevis is Latin for "smooth".

Description

Xenopus laevis is a medium-sized frog, with females typically reaching a length of 12 cm and males a length of 8 cm. They are fully aquatic and have a distinctive flattened body shape. Their skin is smooth and slippery, and ranges in color from olive green to brown. They have small, lidless eyes and a pair of black, claw-like structures on their hind feet, which give the species its common name.

Distribution and habitat

Xenopus laevis is native to sub-Saharan Africa, where it is found in a wide range of habitats, including ponds, lakes, rivers, and marshes. It is highly adaptable and can tolerate a variety of environmental conditions.

Biology and behavior

Xenopus laevis is a nocturnal species and spends most of its time hiding among aquatic vegetation. It feeds on a variety of prey, including insects, crustaceans, and small fish. The species has a unique method of locating prey, using its sensitive fingers to detect movements in the water.

Reproduction

The breeding season for Xenopus laevis typically occurs during the rainy season. Females lay large numbers of eggs, which are fertilized externally by the male. The eggs develop into tadpoles, which undergo metamorphosis into adult frogs after several months.

Use in research

Xenopus laevis is a widely used model organism in biological research. Its large, easily manipulated eggs and embryos make it a popular choice for studies in embryology and developmental biology. It has also been used in research into cell biology, neurobiology, and genetics.

Conservation

While Xenopus laevis is not currently considered to be at risk of extinction, it is threatened by habitat loss and pollution. It is also potentially at risk from the spread of infectious diseases, such as chytridiomycosis.

See also

• List of model organisms
• Amphibians in captivity