Alpha hydroxy acid

Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are a group of natural and synthetic ingredients that, when properly formulated, can exfoliate the uppermost layers of skin. They are used in a variety of skincare products due to their ability to enhance the skin's surface, improve texture, and promote a more youthful appearance.

History

The use of AHAs in skincare dates back to ancient times. Cleopatra is said to have bathed in sour milk, which contains lactic acid, to improve the texture and appearance of her skin. In the modern era, AHAs have been widely used in the cosmetics industry since the 1990s.

Types

There are several types of alpha hydroxy acids, each derived from a different source. These include:

• Glycolic acid: Derived from sugar cane, it has the smallest molecule size and can penetrate the skin deeply and easily.
• Lactic acid: Derived from sour milk, it is less irritating and more moisturizing than glycolic acid.
• Malic acid: Derived from apples and pears.
• Tartaric acid: Derived from grapes.
• Citric acid: Derived from citrus fruits.

Uses

Alpha hydroxy acids are primarily used to exfoliate the skin. This means they can help to shed dead skin cells and reveal the newer, brighter layers underneath. They are commonly used in anti-aging products, as they can reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin texture and tone, and enhance skin's overall radiance.

Safety and Side Effects

While AHAs are generally safe for use in skincare, they can cause side effects such as redness, peeling, and sun sensitivity. It is recommended to use a sunscreen when using products containing AHAs to protect the skin from UV damage.

See Also

• Beta hydroxy acid
• Polyhydroxy acid
• Hydroxycarboxylic acid