Extracellular volume

Extracellular Volume (ECV) is the portion of the body's total water content that exists outside the cells. This includes the interstitial fluid and the blood plasma. The ECV is a critical component of the body's fluid balance, and its measurement is important in the diagnosis and management of various medical conditions.

Overview

The human body is composed of approximately 60% water. This water is distributed between two main compartments: the intracellular fluid (ICF) and the extracellular fluid (ECF). The ECF is further divided into the interstitial fluid, which bathes the cells, and the blood plasma, which circulates within the vascular system. The ECV represents the total volume of these two components.

Function

The ECV plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's homeostasis. It serves as a transport medium for nutrients, waste products, and other substances. It also helps regulate the body's pH and electrolyte balance.

Measurement

The measurement of ECV is important in the diagnosis and management of various medical conditions, including heart failure, kidney disease, and edema. It can be measured using various techniques, such as bioimpedance analysis and dilution methods.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in ECV can lead to various medical conditions. For example, an increase in ECV can result in edema, while a decrease can lead to dehydration. Furthermore, changes in ECV can affect the function of various organs, such as the heart and kidneys.

See also

• Intracellular fluid
• Interstitial fluid
• Blood plasma
• Fluid balance
• Homeostasis

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