Glenohumeral joint

Glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket joint that allows for the articulation between the humerus (the upper arm bone) and the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade). This joint is one of the most flexible in the human body, allowing for a wide range of movements.

Anatomy

The glenohumeral joint is a synovial joint, which means it is filled with a lubricating fluid that reduces friction between the bones. The joint is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue and is reinforced by several ligaments and muscles, including the rotator cuff muscles.

The glenoid fossa, a part of the scapula, is a shallow socket that accepts the head of the humerus. The socket is deepened by a fibrocartilaginous rim known as the glenoid labrum.

Function

The glenohumeral joint allows for a wide range of movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation. This wide range of motion is due to the loose joint capsule and the relatively large size of the humeral head compared to the glenoid fossa.

Clinical significance

Due to its high mobility and relatively low stability, the glenohumeral joint is prone to injuries and disorders. These can include dislocation, rotator cuff tear, glenohumeral arthritis, and frozen shoulder.

See also

• Shoulder
• Humerus
• Scapula
• Rotator cuff
• Glenoid labrum

References

Glenohumeral joint Resources
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