Kneecap

Kneecap

The kneecap, also known as the patella, is a flat, rounded triangular bone which articulates with the femur (thigh bone) and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint.

Anatomy

The kneecap is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body. It is situated in front of the knee joint and is embedded in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, which contracts to extend/straighten the knee. The back surface of the kneecap is covered with smooth cartilage, which helps with knee flexion and provides a low friction gliding surface for the knee joint.

Function

The primary functional role of the kneecap is knee extension. The kneecap increases the leverage that the tendon can exert on the femur by increasing the angle at which it acts. The kneecap also protects the knee joint and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) from physical trauma.

Clinical significance

Injuries or disorders of the kneecap can lead to patellofemoral pain syndrome, patellar dislocation, patellar fracture, and chondromalacia patellae. Treatment for these conditions may include physical therapy, medication, or surgery.

See also

• Knee
• Knee pain
• Knee osteoarthritis
• Knee replacement

References

Kneecap Resources
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