Α-Ketoglutaric acid

Α-Ketoglutaric acid (also known as 2-oxoglutaric acid) is a key molecule in the Krebs cycle, playing a crucial role in the energy production of cells. It is a five-carbon dicarboxylic acid, produced by the deamination of glutamate, and is a precursor to the neurotransmitter glutamate in the glutamate-glutamine cycle.

Structure and properties

Α-Ketoglutaric acid is a chiral molecule, with two possible enantiomers. The naturally occurring isomer is the L-isomer. It is a white crystalline powder, soluble in water and practically insoluble in ethanol.

Biological role

In the Krebs cycle, α-ketoglutaric acid is produced from isocitrate via the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase. It is then converted into succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide by the enzyme α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.

In addition to its role in the Krebs cycle, α-ketoglutaric acid also plays a role in amino acid metabolism. It is a precursor to the amino acid glutamate, and can also be converted into other amino acids via transamination reactions.

Clinical significance

Α-Ketoglutaric acid has been studied for its potential therapeutic uses. It has been suggested that it may have a role in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, due to its role in the production of the neurotransmitter glutamate. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits.

See also

• Krebs cycle
• Glutamate-glutamine cycle
• Isocitrate dehydrogenase
• α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase