1,10-Phenanthroline

1,10-Phenanthroline is a heterocyclic organic compound. It is a white solid that is soluble in organic solvents. It is used as a ligand in coordination chemistry, where it is often abbreviated as phen.

Structure and properties

1,10-Phenanthroline is a tridentate ligand, which binds to metals using three atoms. The molecule is planar. It is a derivative of the heterocycle phenanthroline. The molecule is chiral, although the mirror image forms rapidly interconvert, so that a chiral ligand does not form.

Preparation

1,10-Phenanthroline can be prepared by two successive Skraup reactions of glycerol with o-phenylenediamine, catalyzed by sulfuric acid, and oxidation of the dihydrophenanthroline intermediate.

Uses

1,10-Phenanthroline is a popular ligand in coordination chemistry. It forms strong complexes with most metal ions. The complexes are usually octahedral and paramagnetic. The rigidity of phenanthroline is often useful in limiting the number of geometric isomers formed.

Safety

1,10-Phenanthroline can cause burns. In case of contact with the skin or eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

See also

• Phenanthroline
• Skraup reaction
• Coordination chemistry
• Heterocyclic compound

1,10-Phenanthroline Resources
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