15α-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate

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15α-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate

15α-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate is a steroid metabolite that is produced in the human body. It is a derivative of DHEA, a hormone that is produced in the adrenal glands, the gonads, and the brain.

Structure and Function

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15α-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate is a sulfate ester of 15α-Hydroxy-DHEA, which is a hydroxylated metabolite of DHEA. The addition of a sulfate group to the hydroxyl group of 15α-Hydroxy-DHEA increases its solubility in water and its stability in the body.

The exact function of 15α-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate in the body is not fully understood. However, it is known to be involved in the biosynthesis of androgens, estrogens, and glucocorticoids. It is also thought to play a role in the regulation of the immune response and the inflammatory response.

Biosynthesis

The biosynthesis of 15α-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate begins with the conversion of DHEA to 15α-Hydroxy-DHEA by the enzyme 15α-Hydroxylase. This reaction takes place in the liver and the adrenal glands. The 15α-Hydroxy-DHEA is then converted to 15α-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate by the enzyme Sulfotransferase. This reaction occurs in the Golgi apparatus of cells.

Clinical Significance

Levels of 15α-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate in the blood can be measured as a marker of adrenal function. Abnormally high levels of this metabolite can be indicative of adrenal hyperplasia or adrenal adenoma, while abnormally low levels can be indicative of adrenal insufficiency.

15α-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate is also of interest in the study of aging and longevity. Some studies have suggested that levels of this metabolite decrease with age, and that supplementation with DHEA may have anti-aging effects.