15-Hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid

15-Hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) is a type of omega-6 fatty acid that is metabolized from arachidonic acid by the enzyme 15-lipoxygenase. It is a member of the hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) family of fatty acids, which are involved in various biological processes, including inflammation, cell proliferation, and vasoconstriction.

Metabolism

15-HETE is produced from arachidonic acid by the action of 15-lipoxygenase. This enzyme catalyzes the insertion of an oxygen atom at the 15th carbon of arachidonic acid, resulting in the formation of 15-HETE. The enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase can further metabolize 15-HETE to 15-keto-eicosatetraenoic acid.

Biological role

15-HETE plays a role in various biological processes. It is involved in the regulation of inflammation, acting as a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils and eosinophils. It also promotes the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, contributing to the development of atherosclerosis and fibrosis. In addition, 15-HETE can induce vasoconstriction by stimulating the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells.

Clinical significance

Elevated levels of 15-HETE have been associated with several pathological conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cancer. In asthma and COPD, increased 15-HETE production contributes to airway inflammation and remodeling. In cancer, 15-HETE has been implicated in tumor growth and metastasis, particularly in prostate cancer and breast cancer.

See also

• Arachidonic acid
• 15-lipoxygenase
• Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
• Inflammation
• Atherosclerosis
• Fibrosis
• Asthma
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Cancer