2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase

Structure of 2,4-Dienoyl-CoA Reductase

2,4-Dienoyl-CoA reductase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. It is involved in the metabolic pathway that breaks down polyunsaturated fatty acids to produce acetyl-CoA, which can then enter the citric acid cycle to generate ATP.

Function

2,4-Dienoyl-CoA reductase catalyzes the reduction of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA to trans-3-enoyl-CoA. This reaction is essential for the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids with double bonds at even-numbered positions. The enzyme uses NADPH as a cofactor to facilitate the reduction process.

Mechanism

Mechanism of 2,4-Dienoyl-CoA Reductase

The enzyme operates by transferring electrons from NADPH to the 2,4-dienoyl-CoA substrate, reducing the double bonds to a single trans double bond. This conversion is necessary for the subsequent steps in the beta-oxidation pathway, allowing the fatty acid to be fully degraded into acetyl-CoA units.

Structure

2,4-Dienoyl-CoA reductase is a flavoprotein that contains a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) prosthetic group. The enzyme's structure facilitates the transfer of electrons from NADPH to the substrate, enabling the reduction of the double bonds.

Biological Importance

The enzyme is vital for the efficient breakdown of dietary and stored unsaturated fatty acids. Deficiencies or malfunctions in 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase can lead to metabolic disorders, as the body becomes unable to properly metabolize certain types of fatty acids.

Related Enzymes

2,4-Dienoyl-CoA reductase is part of a family of enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism, including enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and acetyl-CoA acyltransferase. These enzymes work in concert to ensure the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

Related Pages

• Beta-oxidation
• Fatty acid metabolism
• NADPH
• Flavoprotein

Gallery

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  Dienoyl-CoA reductase reaction cis-trans
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  2,4 Hexadienoyl-CoA with DECR1