20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid

20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a metabolite of arachidonic acid (AA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid. It is produced in the body by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, specifically the CYP4A and CYP4F subfamilies. 20-HETE has been found to have a variety of biological effects, particularly in the cardiovascular system and kidneys.

Biosynthesis

20-HETE is synthesized from AA by the action of the cytochrome P450 enzymes. These enzymes are found in many tissues, but are particularly abundant in the liver, kidneys, and vascular endothelium. The first step in the synthesis of 20-HETE is the oxidation of AA by the P450 enzymes to produce an epoxide intermediate. This intermediate is then hydrolyzed to produce 20-HETE.

Biological effects

20-HETE has a variety of biological effects. In the cardiovascular system, it acts as a vasoconstrictor, causing the blood vessels to narrow and increasing blood pressure. It also promotes the growth of smooth muscle cells, which can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. In the kidneys, 20-HETE regulates sodium and water balance, and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and kidney disease.

Clinical significance

Due to its role in regulating blood pressure and kidney function, 20-HETE has been implicated in a number of diseases, including hypertension, kidney disease, and stroke. In addition, it has been found to be overproduced in certain types of cancer, including prostate cancer and breast cancer, and it may play a role in tumor growth and progression.

Research

Research into 20-HETE is ongoing, with studies investigating its role in disease and potential as a therapeutic target. For example, inhibitors of 20-HETE synthesis are being explored as potential treatments for hypertension and kidney disease.

See also

• Arachidonic acid
• Cytochrome P450
• Hypertension
• Kidney disease