2016 Niger Delta conflict

2016 Niger Delta conflict

The 2016 Niger Delta Conflict refers to the resurgence of militant activities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria that began in 2016. This conflict is primarily driven by the Niger Delta Avengers (NDA), a militant group that emerged with the aim of achieving greater control over the region's oil resources and addressing environmental degradation caused by oil extraction.

Background

The Niger Delta is a region rich in oil and natural gas, contributing significantly to Nigeria's economy. However, the area has suffered from environmental pollution, poverty, and underdevelopment, leading to longstanding grievances among local communities. Previous conflicts, such as the Niger Delta conflict (2004–2009), saw similar issues and militant activities.

Causes

The resurgence of conflict in 2016 can be attributed to several factors:

• **Economic Marginalization**: Despite the wealth generated from oil, the local population has seen little benefit, with high levels of poverty and unemployment.
• **Environmental Degradation**: Oil spills and gas flaring have severely impacted the environment, affecting agriculture and fishing, which are vital to local livelihoods.
• **Political Tensions**: The change in government in 2015, with Muhammadu Buhari becoming president, led to shifts in political alliances and perceptions of neglect by the central government.

Major Events

In 2016, the Niger Delta Avengers began attacking oil installations, significantly reducing Nigeria's oil output. Key events include:

• **February 2016**: The NDA claimed responsibility for an attack on a Shell underwater pipeline, causing a major oil spill.
• **May 2016**: The group attacked Chevron's offshore platform, further disrupting oil production.
• **June 2016**: The NDA announced a ceasefire, which was short-lived as attacks resumed later in the year.

Impact

The conflict has had significant economic and social impacts:

• **Economic Impact**: Nigeria's oil production dropped by over 30%, affecting government revenue and contributing to a recession.
• **Social Impact**: The violence has displaced communities and increased insecurity in the region.

Government Response

The Nigerian government has attempted various strategies to address the conflict, including military operations, dialogue, and economic initiatives aimed at development in the Niger Delta.

Current Status

As of the latest reports, the conflict remains unresolved, with intermittent attacks and ongoing negotiations between the government and militant groups.

Also see

• Niger Delta conflict (2004–2009)
• Niger Delta Avengers
• Environmental issues in the Niger Delta
• Economy of Nigeria