2022–2023 United Kingdom group A streptococcus outbreak

Outbreak of Group A Streptococcus in the UK

The 2022–2023 United Kingdom Group A Streptococcus outbreak refers to a significant increase in cases of infections caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes, commonly known as Group A Streptococcus (GAS), in the United Kingdom. This outbreak has been associated with a rise in both mild and severe infections, including scarlet fever and invasive Group A Streptococcal disease.

Background

Group A Streptococcus is a bacterium that can cause a range of illnesses, from minor infections like pharyngitis and impetigo to severe diseases such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. The bacterium is transmitted through respiratory droplets, direct contact with infected individuals, or contact with contaminated surfaces.

Outbreak Details

The outbreak began in late 2022 and continued into 2023, with a marked increase in the number of reported cases of scarlet fever and invasive Group A Streptococcal disease. The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) reported that the number of cases was significantly higher than the average for the same period in previous years.

Scarlet Fever

A child with scarlet fever, characterized by a red rash

Scarlet fever is a disease resulting from a Group A Streptococcus infection, characterized by a sore throat, fever, and a distinctive red rash. During the outbreak, there was a notable increase in the incidence of scarlet fever, particularly among children.

Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease

Invasive Group A Streptococcal disease occurs when the bacteria invade parts of the body that are normally free from germs, such as the blood, muscles, or lungs. This can lead to severe illnesses such as bacteremia, pneumonia, and meningitis. The outbreak saw a rise in these severe cases, prompting public health alerts and increased surveillance.

Public Health Response

The UKHSA and other health organizations implemented several measures to control the outbreak. These included increasing public awareness about the symptoms of Group A Streptococcal infections, advising on preventive measures such as good hygiene practices, and ensuring the availability of antibiotics for treatment.

Impact on Healthcare

The outbreak placed additional pressure on the UK healthcare system, with increased hospital admissions and demand for medical care. Healthcare providers were advised to be vigilant for symptoms of Group A Streptococcal infections and to report cases promptly to public health authorities.

Prevention and Control

Preventive measures include practicing good hand hygiene, covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals. Vaccination research is ongoing, but currently, there is no vaccine available for Group A Streptococcus.

Related Pages

• Streptococcus pyogenes
• Scarlet fever
• Invasive Group A Streptococcal disease
• UK Health Security Agency