3-Deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid

3-Deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid linear

3-Deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid 3-Deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid, also known as KDO, is a sugar derivative that plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides in Gram-negative bacteria. It is a key component of the outer membrane of these bacteria and is essential for their survival.

Structure and Properties

3-Deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid is a monosaccharide with a unique eight-carbon backbone. It is classified as a keto sugar due to the presence of a ketone group in its structure. The chemical formula of KDO is C8H14O7.

Biosynthesis

The biosynthesis of 3-Deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid involves several enzymatic steps that convert precursor molecules into the final product. These steps are tightly regulated to ensure the proper formation of KDO in bacterial cells.

Function

KDO is primarily found in the lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria, where it contributes to the structural integrity of the outer membrane. It also plays a role in host-pathogen interactions and is recognized by the immune system as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern.

Role in Pathogenesis

The presence of 3-Deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is essential for their virulence. Mutants lacking KDO are often attenuated in their ability to cause disease, highlighting the importance of this sugar derivative in bacterial pathogenesis.