3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) is a key enzyme involved in the metabolic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which is responsible for the production of cholesterol, coenzyme Q, and other important biomolecules in the body.

Structure

HMG-CoA is a thioester of the coenzyme A (CoA) and a derivative of glutaric acid. It is formed from acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA by the enzyme HMG-CoA synthase.

Function

HMG-CoA is a crucial intermediate in the mevalonate pathway. It is converted into mevalonate by the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is the rate-limiting step in the pathway. This conversion is a key regulatory point in the control of cholesterol synthesis, as HMG-CoA reductase is the target of statin drugs, which are widely used to lower serum cholesterol levels.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the gene encoding HMG-CoA reductase can lead to hypercholesterolemia, a condition characterized by high levels of cholesterol in the blood. In addition, inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, such as the statin drugs, are used to treat hypercholesterolemia and prevent cardiovascular disease.

See also

• HMG-CoA synthase
• HMG-CoA reductase
• Mevalonate pathway
• Statin

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Resources
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